Sustainable development is a much-discussed concept that is hard to define specifically. It is generally thought of as meeting the needs of the present in ways that will allow future generations to meet their own needs. True sustainability requires balancing environmental, social, and economic needs. Development of sustainability indicators related to these needs is an attempt to track trends over time that may suggest focal areas for policy and management changes, as well as further research.

The Developing Sustainability Committee of the Lake Superior Work Group, part of the Binational Program to Restore and Protect the Lake Superior Basin collaborated with the GEM Center for Science and Environmental Outreach on a project to develop baseline data for a suite of socioeconomic sustainability indicators. Region 5 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency funded the project, which was completed in fall 2000. Chapter 9 of the Lake Superior Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP 2000) contains early data from this report.

The entire report, "Baseline Sustainability Data for the Lake Superior Basin," including appendices, appears below in PDF format. Each item in the table of contents is linked to the appropriate text, figure, table, or map file. File size appears after the item.

To download a free copy of Acrobat Reader for reading the files, click [Get Acrobat Reader]

The Tables are best viewed by setting the Acrobat Reader scale to 125%

Baseline Sustainability Data for the Lake Superior Basin Final report: 229 kb (Text--excludes appendices)

Appendices

Appendix 1: Sustainability Indicator Data Sources and Contacts, 1999-2000 178 kb

Appendix 2: Inclusion/Exclusion Justification for Data Reported by County 28 kb

Appendix 3: Tables

4.1a. Population in U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties: total, per square mile, urban and rural 8 kb

4.1b. Population, total and per square kilometer, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions 6 kb

4.2a. Population migration, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 10 kb

4.2b. Population migration status, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions 9 kb

4.3a. Households: family, nonfamily, and with seniors, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 11 kb

4.3b. Household and family structure, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions 10 kb

4.3c. Household and family size, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions 13 kb

4.4a. Family and household money income, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 7 kb

4.4b. Family and household income, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions 12 kb

4.5. Housing costs: mortgage/rent and household income, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 7 kb

4.6a. Poverty, all persons and 65 years and older, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 7 kb

4.6b. Poverty, families and children, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 7 kb

4.6c. Low income families and individuals, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions 7 kb

4.7a. Serious crime reported to Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 7 kb

4.7b. Violent, property, and drug crime rates in portions of the Ontario Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.8a. Labor force unemployment, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 7 kb

4.8b. Labour force unemployment, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions 7 kb

4.9a. Labor force employment by economic sector, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties (1 of 3) 10 kb

4.9b. Labor force employment by economic sector, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties (2 of 3) 10 kb

4.9c. Labor force employment by economic sector, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties (3 of 3) 10 kb

4.9d. Labour force by industry sectors, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions (1 of 3) 10 kb

4.9e. Labour force by industry sectors, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions (2 of 3) 10 kb

4.9f. Labour force by industry sectors, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions (3 of 3) 10 kb

4.9g. Employment by industry sector (in text, p. 23)

4.9h. Labor force unemployment by occupation type, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 10 kb

4.9i. Labour force by occupation, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions (1 of 5) 16 kb

4.9j. Labour force by occupation, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions (2 of 5) 17 kb

4.9k. Labour force by occupation, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions (3 of 5) 17 kb

4.9l. Labour force by occupation, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions (4 of 5) 13 kb

4.9m. Labour force by occupation, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions (5 of 5) 13 kb

4.9n. Employment by occupational category (in text, p. 26)

4.10 Personal income by source and earnings by industry, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 12 kb

4.11a Educational attainment of persons 25 years and older, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 9 kb

4.11b. Educational attainment of population age 15 and older, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions 9 kb

4.12a. Travel to work, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 8 kb

4.12b. Travel to work, public transportation and other, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 9 kb

4.12c. Housing units and vehicles, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 9 kb

4.12d. Mode of travel to work, male workers, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions 8 kb

4.12e. Mode of travel to work, female workers, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions 7 kb

4.12f. Mode of travel to work, all workers, Ontario Lake Superior Basin census subdivisions 10 kb

4.13a. Home heating fuel by type (gas and electric), U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 10 kb

4.13b. Home heating fuel by type (oil, coal, wood), U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties 10 kb

4.15a. Annual average 24-hour traffic volumes, selected Lake Superior Basin routes in Michigan 10 kb

4.15b. Annual average 24-hour commercial traffic volumes, selected Lake Superior Basin routes in Michigan 6 kb

4.15c. Public transit systems in the Michigan Lake Superior Basin 6 kb

4.15d. Carpool parking lot occupancy by location, Michigan Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.15e. Carpool parking lot random vehicle counts, Michigan Lake Superior Basin 44 kb

4.15f. MDOT carpool parking lot user survey, Superior Region (Upper Peninsula), 1994 8 kb

4.15g. MDOT carpool parking lot user survey, Superior Region (Upper Peninsula), 1996 15 kb

4.15h. MDOT carpool parking lot user survey, Superior Region (Upper Peninsula), 1999 8 kb

4.15i. Michigan Airport System Plan (MASP 2000) tier 1 and 2 airports in the Lake Superior Basin 5 kb

4.15j. Total scheduled airline passengers in the Michigan Lake Superior Basin, 1978 to 1998 9 kb

4.15k. Michigan Transportation Fund (MTF) revenues for the Michigan Lake Superior Basin, 1998

4.15l. Michigan Transportation Fund (MTF) supplemental snow removal revenues for the Michigan Lake Superior Basin, 1998 8 kb

4.16a. Electric power generation by watershed, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1985 8 kb

4.16b. Electric power generation by watershed, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1990 10 kb

4.16c. Electric power generation by watershed, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1995 10 kb

4.16d. Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution by utilities, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1992 10 kb

4.16e. Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution by utilities, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1995 10 kb

4.16f. Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution by utilities, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1998 10 kb

4.16g. Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution by utilities, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1992, 1995, and 1998 20 kb

4.16h. Electric power generation and purchase by utilities, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1992, 1995, and 1998 12 kb

4.16i. Electric utility power plants in the U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1999 7 kb

4.16j. Electric utility power plants using renewable energy sources, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1999

4.16k. Non-utility electric power plants in the U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1998

4.16l. Non-utility electric power plants using renewable energy sources, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1998 11 kb

4.16m. Electric power generating stations in operation in the Lake Superior Basin of Ontario, 1998 13 kb

4.16n. Electric energy use per consumer by utility and sector, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1998 9 kb

4.18a. Water use by category and watershed, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1985 9 kb

4.18b. Water use by category and watershed, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1990 9 kb

4.18c. Water use by category and watershed, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1995 9 kb

4.18d. Water use and wastewater treatment data for Ontario Lake Superior Basin municipalities over 1,000 population, 1996 25 kb

4.18e. Upper Peninsula public water supply monitoring and contaminant (MCL) violations, 1988-1997 and 1996 7 kb

4.19a. 1996 Clean Water Needs Survey Report 2. Population served and flows for publicly owned wastewater treatment facilities currently in operation, Michigan Lake Superior Basin 14 kb

4.19b. Publicly owned wastewater treatment facilities in the Michigan Lake Superior Basin 12 kb

4.19c. 1996 Clean Water Needs Survey Report 2. Population served and flows for publicly owned wastewater treatment facilities currently in operation, Minnesota Lake Superior Basin 16 kb

4.19d. Permitted and design flows for publicly owned wastewater treatment facilities in the Minnesota Lake Superior Basin 4 kb

4.19e. 1996 Clean Water Needs Survey Report 2. Population served and flows for publicly owned wastewater treatment facilities currently in operation, Wisconsin Lake Superior Basin 12 kb

4.20a. Operating and closed waste disposal sites in the Lake Superior Basin-Michigan 15 kb

4.20b. Source and volume of waste, current capacity, and estimated lifetime of landfills in the Lake Superior Basin-Michigan, 1996-99 10 kb

4.20c. Landfills outside the Lake Superior Basin that accepted waste from Basin counties in Michigan, 1996-99 4 kb

4.20d. Operating and closed waste disposal sites in the Lake Superior Basin-Minnesota 6 kb

4.20e. Origin of waste disposed in landfills in the Lake Superior Basin of Minnesota, 1991-97

4.20f. Landfills outside the Lake Superior Basin that accepted waste from Basin counties in Minnesota, 1991-97 9 kb

4.20g. Operating landfills in the Lake Superior Basin of Wisconsin, 1995-99

4.20h. Landfills outside Lake Superior Basin that accepted waste from Basin counties in Wisconsin, 1996-99

4.20i. Closed landfills in the Lake Superior Basin counties of Wisconsin 11 kb

4.21a. Recycling of municipal solid waste in the Lake Superior Basin of Michigan 8 kb

4.21b. Collection and recycling of municipal solid waste and household hazardous waste in the Lake Superior Basin of Minnesota, 1998

4.21c. Western Lake Superior Regional Household Hazardous Waste Program activity, 1998-99 5 kb

4.21d. Recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the Lake Superior Basin of Wisconsin, 1997-99 5 kb

4.21e. Northwest Wisconsin recycling data, 1997-99 18 kb

4.21f. Northwest Cleensweep household hazardous waste collections, Lake Superior Basin, Wisconsin, 1995-99 6 kb

4.21g. Northwest Cleansweep Very Small Quantity Generator (VSQG) collections, Lake Superior Basin, Wisconsin, 1996-98 7 kb

Appendix 4: Figures

4.9a. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1990 14 kb

4.9b. Workers by type of industry and occupation, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, 1990 (2 pages) 14 kb

4.9c. Workers by type of industry and occupation, United States, 1990 14 kb

4.9d. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Alger County, Michigan, 1990 14 kb

4.9e. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Baraga County, Michigan, 1990 14 kb

4.9f. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Chippewa County, Michigan, 1990 14 kb

4.9g. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Gogebic County, Michigan, 1990 14 kb

4.9h. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Houghton County, Michigan, 1990 14 kb

4.9i. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Keweenaw County, Michigan, 1990 14 kb

4.9j. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Luce County, Michigan, 1990 14 kb

4.9k. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Marquette County, Michigan, 1990 14 kb

4.9l. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Ontonagon County, Michigan, 1990 14 kb

4.9m. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Carlton County, Minnesota, 1990 14 kb

4.9n. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Cook County, Minnesota, 1990 14 kb

4.9o. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Itasca County, Minnesota, 1990 14 kb

4.9p. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Lake County, Minnesota, 1990 14 kb

4.9q. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, St. Louis County, Minnesota, 1990 14 kb

4.9r. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Ashland County, Wisconsin, 1990 14 kb

4.9s. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Bayfield County, Wisconsin, 1990 14 kb

4.9t. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Douglas County, Wisconsin, 1990 14 kb

4.9u. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Iron County, Wisconsin, 1990 14 kb

4.9v. Workers by type of industry, occupation, and sector, Vilas County, Wisconsin, 1990 14 kb

4.10a. Personal income, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties, 1987

4.10b. Personal income, U.S. Lake Superior Basin counties, 1997 14 kb

4.12a. Mode of travel to work, 1980-1990, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 25 kb

4.12b. Persons driving alone to work, 1980-1990, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 27 kb

4.12c. Persons carpooling to work, 1980-1990, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 26 kb

4.12d. Persons walking to work, 1980-1990, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 25 kb

4.15a. Average daily traffic in regional population centers, Michigan Lake Superior Basin

4.15b. Average daily traffic in rural areas, Michigan Lake Superior Basin 12 kb

4.15c. Average daily commercial traffic in regional population centers, Michigan Lake Superior Basin

4.15d. Average daily commercial traffic in rural areas, Michigan Lake Superior Basin 9 kb

4.15e. Carpool parking lot occupancy, Michigan Lake Superior Basin, 1975-1999

4.15f. Carpool parking lot occupancy by location, Michigan Lake Superior Basin, 1975-1999 11 kb

4.15g. Carpool parking lot occupancy by location, Michigan Lake Superior Basin, 1975-1999

4.15h. Carpool parking lot occupancy by location, Michigan Lake Superior Basin, 1975-1999 15 kb

4.15i. Total scheduled airline passengers, 1978 to 1998, Michigan Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.16a. Total electric power generation by watershed, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.16b. Thermoelectric (Fossil fuel) power generation, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.16c. Hydroelectric power generation by watershed, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.16d. Electric power generation by utility, 1992-1998, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.18a. Total water use from all sources, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.18b. Water use categories by percentage, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.18c. Water use by category, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.18d. Groundwater as a percentage of all water use, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.18e. Population in U.S. Lake Superior watersheds 7 kb

4.18f. Percentage of population served by groundwater and surface water supplies, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1985 7 kb

4.18g. Percentage of population served by groundwater and surface water supplies, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1990 7 kb

4.18h. Percentage of population served by groundwater and surface water supplies, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1995 7 kb

4.18i. Population served by groundwater and surface water supplies, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1985 7 kb

4.18j. Population served by groundwater and surface water supplies, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1990 7 kb

4.18k. Population served by groundwater and surface water supplies, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1995 7 kb

4.18l. Household per capita water use from private wells, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.18m. Household per capita water use from public supplies, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.18n. Total per capita water use from public supplies, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.18o. Percentage of population served by public and private water supplies, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1985 7 kb

4.18p. Percentage of population served by public and private water supplies, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1990 7 kb

4.18q. Percentage of population served by public and private water supplies, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1995 7 kb

4.18r. Population served by public and private water supplies, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1985 7 kb

4.18s. Population served by public and private water supplies, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1990 7 kb

4.18t. Population served by public and private water supplies, U.S. Lake Superior Basin, 1995 7 kb

4.18u. Percentage of groundwater use from public supply and private household wells, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.18v. Groundwater use from public supply and private household wells, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 7 kb

4.18w. Average daily water use by category, 1996, Ontario Lake Superior Basin municipalities 11 kb

4.18x. Percentage of average daily water use by category, 1996, Ontario Lake Superior Basin municipalities 12 kb

4.18y. Drinking water quality violations, Michigan's Upper Peninsula, 1988-1997 19 kb

4.18z. Upper Peninsula public water supply monitoring and contaminant level violations, 1996 6 kb

4.19a. Municipalities with more than 1000 persons, 1971-1996, Ontario Lake Superior Basin 18 kb

4.19b. Population served by public water and sewage treatment, 1996, Ontario Lake Superior Basin municipalities 5 kb

4.20. Solid waste disposed by landfill or incinerator, U.S. Lake Superior Basin 12 kb

Appendix 5: Maps

4.1a. Population density, Lake Superior Watershed, 1990-91 494 kb

4.1b. Population density, Lake Superior Watershed, 1990-91 (different legend values) 484 kb

4.1c. Population density, northwestern Lake Superior Watershed, 1991 169 kb

4.1d. Population density, southwestern Lake Superior Watershed, 1990 321 kb

4.1e. Population density, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, 1990 438 kb

4.1f. Percent change in population, 1991-1996, Ontario Lake Superior Watershed census subdivisions 286 kb

4.3a. Population age 65 and older, Lake Superior Watershed, 1990-91 438 kb

4.3b. Population age 65 and older, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, 1990 427 kb

4.6 Percent of children in poverty, 1990, U.S. Lake Superior Watershed census block groups 354 kb

Bookmarks 28 kb